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a b Jancis Robinson (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course. Abbeville Press. pp.g 152. ISBN 978-0-7892-0883-5. Instead, they seem to have been based primarily or solely on the name or synonyms of the variety. Varying orthography for grape names render dubious any name-based evidence of origins. Nevertheless, origins such as Syracuse or the famous Iranian city of Shiraz have been proposed while the genomic studies had yet to be done. [7] Victorian regions include Heathcote, roughly 1.5 hours north of Melbourne. Cooler climate regions such as Western Australia's Margaret River produce Shiraz with marginally less alcohol content and often in a more traditional French style.
Entry on "Persia" in J. Robinson (ed), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Third Edition, pp. 512–513, Oxford University Press 2006, ISBN 0-19-860990-6. It can also be found in several Australian wine regions such as the Barossa, Heathcote, Coonawarra, Hunter Valley, Margaret River, Adelaide Hills, Clare Valley and McLaren Vale. [2] History [ edit ] Origin [ edit ] In the United States, wine produced from the grape is normally called by its French name, "Syrah". However, in cases where winemakers choose to follow a New World style, similar to Penfolds Grange, they may choose to label their wines as "Shiraz". [28] Under American wine laws, either name may appear on the label. Syrah first appeared as a wine grape in California in the 1970s, where it was planted by a group of viticulturists who called themselves "Rhône rangers". [29] Although most plantings of the grape are in California, there are increasing amounts of it being grown in Washington state. Syrah makes up a significant percentage of wine produced in several Washington AVAs such as the Naches Heights AVA and the Walla Walla AVA. Syrah is increasingly being grown and produced in Oregon. Syrah is also found in small regions in Ohio. In the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries, most Hermitage wine that left France did so as a blending component in Bordeaux wines. In an era when " clarets" were less powerful than today, and before appellation rules, red wines from warmer regions would be used for improvement (or adulteration, depending on the point of view) of Bordeaux wines. While Spanish and Algerian wines are also known to have been used for this purpose, top Bordeaux châteaux would use Hermitage to improve their wines, especially in weaker vintages. [6] [20] Arrival in Australia [ edit ] Syrah plantations in Argentina increased from less than 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) in 1990 to 9,500 hectares (23,000 acres) in 2002. [7] Syrah has occasionally been used as a blending component with Argentina's signature dark-skinned grape Malbec to provide an "Argentinian take" on the Australian Cabernet-Shiraz blend.
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Bowers, J.E; Siret, R; Meredith, C.P; This, P; Boursiquot, J.-M (2000). "A Single Pair of Parents Proposed for a Group of Grapevine Varieties in Northeastern France". Acta Horticulturae (528): 129–132. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.528.15. Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Grapevine Genetics and Breeding. Archived from the original on 2018-06-01 . Retrieved 2008-02-15. Another proposed etymology links it with the Proto-Celtic word * serra ' billhook', presumably because the billhook was used in pruning. [14] [15] [16] In the 2005–2006 growing season, total Shiraz plantations in Australia stood at 41,115 hectares (101,600 acres), of which 39,087 hectares (96,590 acres) were old enough to be productive. These vines yielded a total of 422,430 tonnes of Shiraz grapes for wine production. This made Shiraz the most planted variety in Australia [37] and Australia the world's second largest Syrah/Shiraz grower, after France. [7] Entry on "Adulteration and fraud" in J. Robinson (ed), "The Oxford Companion to Wine", Third Edition, pp. 4-5, Oxford University Press 2006, ISBN 0-19-860990-6.
a b Busby, James (1834). Journal of a recent visit to the principal vineyards of Spain and France. Smith, Elder. p. 108. 1826 scyras shiraz. Dureza, a dark-skinned grape variety from the Ardèche region in France, has all but disappeared from the vineyards, and the preservation of such varieties is a speciality of Montpellier. Mondeuse blanche is a white grape variety cultivated in the Savoy region, and is still found in small amounts in that region's vineyards today. Syrah is a variety that during the last few decades has been imported for cultivation in several countries. It is primarily grown in warmer regions. Worldwide plantations of Syrah have increased considerably in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and both "Syrah"-labelled and "Shiraz"-labelled wines are on the increase. [7]
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The Syrah grape was introduced into Australia in 1832 by James Busby, an immigrant who brought vine clippings from Europe with him, and it is almost invariably called "Shiraz". [6] Today it is Australia's most popular red grape, but has not always been in such favour; in the 1970s, white wine was so popular that growers were ripping out unprofitable Shiraz and Grenache vineyards, even those with old vines. In the Barossa Valley, the world's oldest continually producing commercial vineyard is believed to be the Shiraz vines at Turkey Flat in Tanunda that were originally planted in 1847. [35] The grapes were fermented on their skins for a week to 10 days, pressed, clarified and then matured for 12 months in French oak hogsheads. The base wine was then bottle-fermented and aged on its lees for two years. Due to their concentrated flavours and high tannin content, many premium Syrah wines are at their best after some considerable bottle aging. In exceptional cases, this may be 15 years or longer. Pliny called the vines of this wine Allobrogica, and it has been speculated that it could be today's Syrah. However, the description of the wine would also fit, for example, Dureza, [1] and Pliny's observation that vines of Allobrogica were resistant to cold is not entirely consistent with Syrah. [8] The names Syrah and Shiraz [ edit ] Clusters of Syrah grapes The Syrah-dominated appellations (AOCs) of northern Rhône have, like most other French appellations and regions, no tradition of varietal labeling of their wines. Indeed, such practices are generally disallowed under AOC rules, and only the AOC name (such as Cote-Rotie, Crozes-Hermitage or Hermitage) appears on the label. Varietal labeling of Syrah/Shiraz wines is therefore a practice that has emerged in the New World, primarily in Australia.
Syrah is used as a single varietal or as a blend. Following several years of strong planting, Syrah was estimated in 2004 to be the world's 7th most grown grape at 142,600 hectares (352,000 acres). [3] a b c d e f g h i j k Entry on "Syrah" in J. Robinson (ed), "The Oxford Companion to Wine", Third Edition, pp. 676-677, Oxford University Press 2006, ISBN 0-19-860990-6.
a b c Jancis Robinson, Julia Harding, José Vouillamoz Wine Grapes p. 1029, Penguin Group 2012 ISBN 978-1-846-14446-2. It is grown in many wine producing regions around the world, with concentrations in Australia, The Rhone Valley in France, and the US. It is often used as a blending grape in Spain and Italy as well. It is also planted in Portugal, which favor making varietal Syrah wine, and not only blending with other types.
Anderson, Kym; Aryal, Nanda R. (2015). Growth and Cycles in Australia's Wine Industry: A Statistical Compendium, 1843 to 2013. University of Adelaide Press. p.20. ISBN 9781925261097 . Retrieved 15 May 2018. Brochures techniques: Dépérissement de la Syrah" (in French). Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin. Archived from the original on 23 April 2009 . Retrieved 4 August 2014. Syrah ( / ˈ s iː r ɑː/), also known as Shiraz, is a dark-skinned grape variety grown throughout the world and used primarily to produce red wine. In 1999, Syrah was found to be the offspring of two obscure grapes from southeastern France, Dureza and Mondeuse Blanche. [1] Syrah should not be confused with Petite Sirah, a cross of Syrah with Peloursin dating from 1880. In Spain there was an increase in the area cultivated in Syrah grapes from 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres) in 1990 to 19,045 hectares (47,060 acres) in 2009. [33] It is grown primarily in Castilla-La Mancha, with lesser amounts in Aragon and Catalonia. As of 2015 it was the seventh most grown red grape in Spain, with 20,155 hectares (49,800 acres) accounting for 4% of the red grape total. Synonyms for Syrah include Antourenein noir, Candive, Entournerein, Hermitage, Hignin noir, Marsanne noir, Shiraz, Sira, Sirac, Sirah, Syra, and Syrac. [34] See also [ edit ]a b Entry on "Shiraz" in J. Robinson (ed), "The Oxford Companion to Wine, Third Edition, p. 627, Oxford University Press 2006, ISBN 0-19-860990-6. Syrah is also a key component to many blends. It may be used to add structure and color to Grenache in southern Rhône blends, including Côtes-du-Rhône and Châteauneuf-du-Pape. [29] Syrah is also the only red grape used in the wines of the northern Rhône. [30]
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