Kalkatta

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Easwaran, Kenny. "The politics of name changes in India". Open Computing Facility, University of California at Berkeley. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 . Retrieved 26 January 2012.

In 1793, ruling power of the Nawabs were abolished, and East India company took complete control of the city and the province. In the early 19th century, the marshes surrounding the city were drained; the government area was laid out along the banks of the Hooghly River. Richard Wellesley, Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William between 1797 and 1805, was largely responsible for the development of the city and its public architecture. [44] Throughout the late 18th and 19th century, the city was a centre of the East India Company's opium trade. [45] A census in 1837 records the population of the city proper as 229,700, of which the British residents made up only 3,138. [46] The same source says another 177,000 resided in the suburbs and neighbouring villages, making the entire population of greater Calcutta 406,700. Talbot, Ian; Singh, Gurharpal (2009), The Partition of India, Cambridge University Press, pp.115–117, ISBN 978-0-521-67256-6 Chakraborty, Samhita L. (30 November 2008). "Cruise in a cool cab". The Telegraph. Kolkata. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012 . Retrieved 7 December 2011.

Marshall, P. J. (2 August 2001). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521002547. Being one of India's major city and the largest city in eastern and north-eastern India, Kolkata hosts diplomatic missions of many countries such as Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Canada, People's Republic of China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom and United States. The U.S Consulate in Kolkata is the US Department of State's second-oldest Consulate and dates from 19 November 1792. [172] Khanna, Rohit; Roy, Monalisa (12 January 2009). "Kolkata real estate players project 40% growth by April". Financial Express. New Delhi. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013 . Retrieved 11 December 2011. According to the Indian 2005 National Family Health Survey, only a small proportion of Kolkata households were covered under any health scheme or health insurance. [127] :41 The total fertility rate in Kolkata was 1.4, the lowest among the eight cities surveyed. [127] :45 In Kolkata, 77% of the married women used contraceptives, which was the highest among the cities surveyed, but use of modern contraceptive methods was the lowest (46%). [127] :47 The infant mortality rate in Kolkata was 41 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five was 49 per 1,000 live births. [127] :48 What Bengal thought today, India thought tomorrow’, is a famous line associated with the city for having produced some of the greatest thinkers, artists, film makers and writers like Rabindranth Tagore, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay and Satyajit Ray. Indeed, ideas in Kolkata in the fields of art, literature, cinema and theater have provided inspiration to rest of the country. DO SEE 10 photos that capture everyday life in Kolkata

a b Wells, John (3 April 2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rded.). Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. If there is a lot of water vapour, the humidity will be No risk of UV - It’s safe to stay outside. 1-2 Low - You can safely stay outside. Consider sunscreen in direct sunlight. 3-5 Moderate - Take care during midday hours and do not spend too much time in the sun unprotected. Sunscreen advised. 6-7 High - Seek shade during midday hours, cover up and wear sunscreen. 8-10 Very high - Spend time in the shade between 11am and 3pm. Shirt, sunscreen and hat are essential. 11 Extreme - Avoid being outside during midday hours. Shirt, sunscreen and hat essential. Gooptu, Nandini (1 June 2007), "Economic Liberalisation, Work and Democracy: Industrial Decline and Urban Politics in Kolkata", Economic and Political Weekly, 42 (21): 1922–1933, JSTOR 4419634Kolkata remains cultural capital of India: Amitabh Bachchan – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". 10 November 2012. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017 . Retrieved 25 November 2016. Wright, Tom (11 November 2011). "Why Delhi? The Move From Calcutta". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 6 June 2018 . Retrieved 31 May 2018. a b "Explained: How Kolkata's 8 Theatre Road hosted the first Bangladesh government". 26 March 2021.

The first newspaper in India, the Bengal Gazette started publishing from the city in 1780. [275] Among Kolkata's widely circulated Bengali-language newspapers are Anandabazar Patrika, Bartaman, Ei Samay Sangbadpatra, Sangbad Pratidin, Aajkaal, Dainik Statesman and Ganashakti. [276] The Statesman and The Telegraph are two major English-language newspapers that are produced and published from Kolkata. Other popular English-language newspapers published and sold in Kolkata include The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, The Indian Express and the Asian Age. [276] As the largest trading centre in East India, Kolkata has several high-circulation financial dailies, including The Economic Times, The Financial Express, Business Line and Business Standard. [276] [277] Vernacular newspapers, such as those in the Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati, Odia, Punjabi and Chinese languages, are read by minorities. [135] [276] Major periodicals based in Kolkata include Desh, Sananda, Saptahik Bartaman, Unish-Kuri, Anandalok and Anandamela. [276] Historically, Kolkata has been the centre of the Bengali little magazine movement. [278] [279] period (more than 10 seconds) means the waves at the beach may be more powerful. Lifeguards can give you Major manufacturing companies in the city are Alstom, Larsen & Toubro, [110] Fosroc, [111] Videocon. [112] As in many other Indian cities, information technology became a high-growth sector in Kolkata starting in the late 1990s; the city's IT sector grew at 70% per annum—a rate that was twice the national average. [66] The 2000s saw a surge of investments in the real estate, infrastructure, retail, and hospitality sectors; several large shopping malls and hotels were launched. [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] Companies such as ITC Limited, CESC Limited, Exide Industries, Emami, Eveready Industries India, Lux Industries, Rupa Company, Berger Paints, Birla Corporation, Britannia Industries and Purushottam Publishers [118] are headquartered in the city. Philips India, PricewaterhouseCoopers India, Tata Global Beverages, and Tata Steel have their registered office and zonal headquarters in Kolkata. Kolkata hosts the headquarters of two major banks: UCO Bank, and Bandhan Bank. Reserve Bank of India, State Bank of India have its eastern zonal office in Kolkata. India Government Mint, Kolkata is one of the four mints in India. Some of the oldest public sector companies are headquartered in the city such as the Coal India Limited, National Insurance Company, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers, Tea Board of India, Geological Survey of India, Zoological Survey of India, Botanical Survey of India, Jute Corporation of India, National Test House, Hindustan Copper and the Ordnance Factories Board of the Indian Ministry of Defence. Mandal, Sanjay (29 July 2010). "Circle of Metro commute surveys propose changes to plan". The Telegraph. Kolkata. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012 . Retrieved 3 December 2011.

Noble, Allen and Frank Costa; Ashok Dutt; Robert Kent (1990). Regional development and planning for the 21st century: new priorities, new philosophies. Ashgate Pub Ltd. pp.282, 396. ISBN 978-1-84014-800-8. Working at the height of his powers, Basu has created a real and engrossing world populated with rich characters … Kalkatta will be treasured as a moving and vivid story.” State-owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, or BSNL, as well as private enterprises, among them Vodafone Idea, Bharti Airtel, Reliance Jio are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city. [167] :25–26 :179 with Kolkata being the first city in India to have cell phone and 4G connectivity, the GSM and CDMA cellular coverage is extensive. [168] [169] As of 2010 [update], Kolkata has 7 percent of the total broadband internet consumers in India; BSNL, VSNL, Tata Indicom, Sify, Hathway, Airtel, and Jio are among the main vendors. [170] [171] Military and diplomatic establishments Flurry’s on Park Street is considered one of the best Swiss bakeries here. Cafes in Kolkata are extremely popular. Indian Coffee House is the most famous coffee shop where the intellectuals of the city meet. Bengali milk sweets like rasagulla, misthi doi, sandesh, and ras-malai, are served at its best in Kolkata. They are found almost everywhere in the city.

PIA01844: space radar image of Calcutta, West Bengal, India". NASA. 15 April 1999. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012 . Retrieved 15 January 2012.This is the average number of seconds between one wave and the next, 1-2 miles out to sea. A long wave a b "Port facilities in India" (PDF). Indian Bureau of Mines, Government of India. pp.6–4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2011 . Retrieved 7 December 2011.